UG Structure（文変換）のレベルは、普遍文法理論の要素を基にしているほか、文法ターゲットの難易度の高さでレベルが設定されています。
| UG Structure（文変換） | ||
|---|---|---|
| レベル | 概要説明 | 例 |
| 1 | 現在時制、現在進行形、現在完了形； 定冠詞と不定冠詞、三単現の -s ・ 簡単な3～5語のセンテンス ・ 簡単な形容詞、助動詞 |
He is a banker. 1. Use “they”: They are bankers. 2. Add “successful”: They are successful bankers. 3. Form a question: Are they successful bankers? |
| 2 | 現在時制、現在進行形、現在完了形； 定冠詞と不定冠詞、直接目的語と間接目的語、三単現の-s；前置詞句 ・ 簡単な3～6語のセンテンス ・ いくつかの形容詞、助動詞 ・ いくつかの不規則動詞 |
Our hockey team has lost. 1. Use “won”: Our hockey team has won. 2. Change to negative: Our hockey team hasn’t won. 3. Add “in weeks”: Our hockey team hasn’t won in weeks. |
| 3 | 過去時制、過去進行形； 形容詞と助動詞；前置詞句 ・ 簡単な4～7語のセンテンス ・ 不規則動詞と用法 |
My stepsister was dropping out of school. 1. Use “quitting”: My stepsister was quitting school. 2. Add “to become an actor”: My stepsister was quitting school to become an actor. 3. Change to negative: My stepsister wasn’t quitting school to become an actor. |
| 4 | 過去時制、過去進行形、過去完了形； 形容詞、助動詞、副詞句 (より複雑なもの)、前置詞句(より複雑なもの) ・ 4～7語のセンテンス ・ 不規則動詞と用法 ・ 中級レベルの語彙 |
The leafy vegetables had wilted. 1. Use “greens”: The leafy greens had wilted. 2. Add “and become soft”: The leafy greens had wilted and become soft. 3. Form a question: Had the leafy greens wilted and become soft? |
| 5 | 過去時制、過去進行形、過去完了形； “used to”, “have to”, &apm; “able to”の過去の用法；能力や可能性を表す法助動詞 (can, could, might, may) ・ 5～8語のセンテンス ・ 不規則動詞と用法 ・ 中級レベルの語彙 |
A. Netflix used to send DVDs in the mail. 1. Use “movie rentals”: Netflix used to send movie rentals in the mail. 2. Add “to their customers”: Netflix used to send movie rentals to their customers in the mail. 3. Form a question: Did Netflix used to send movie rentals to their customers in the mail? B. The rain might have ruined our friend’s wedding. 1. Use “Erika’s”: The rain might have ruined Erika’s wedding. 2. Add “heavy” to describe “rain”: The heavy rain might have ruined Erika’s wedding. 3. Add “outdoor” to describe “wedding”: The heavy rain might have ruined Erika’s outdoor wedding. |
| 6 | 未来時制、未来進行形;
“going to”, “want to” and “able to”の未来の用法；許可を表す法助動詞 (can, could, may) ・ 6～10語のセンテンス ・ 不規則動詞と用法 ・ 中級レベルの語彙 |
A. The two best friends will be touring. 1. Use “three”: The three best friends will be touring. 2. Add “the wineries”: The three best friends will be touring the wineries. 3. Add “in California”: The three best friends will be touring the wineries in California. B. The struggling travel agent is going to quit. 1. Use “resign”: The struggling travel agent is going to resign. 2. Add “from the company”: The struggling travel agent is going to resign from the company. 3. Change to negative: The struggling travel agent isn’t going to resign from the company. C. His responsible ten-year-old brother may cook. 1. Use “seven-year-old”: His responsible seven-year-old brother may cook. 2. Add “under supervision”: His responsible seven-year-old brother may cook under supervision. 3. Form a question: May his responsible seven-year-old brother cook under supervision? |
| 7 | 未来時制、未来進行形、未来完了形； 義務を表す法助動詞 (must, have to, need to) ・ 7～11語のセンテンス ・ 中上級レベルの語彙 | A. America’s home sales will have been impacted. 1. Use “worldwide”: Worldwide home sales will have been impacted. 2. Add “negatively”: Worldwide home sales will have been negatively impacted. 3. Change to negative: Worldwide home sales won’t have been negatively impacted. B. Equal human rights must be top priority. 1. Use “have to”: Equal human rights have to be top priority. 2. Add “the government’s”: Equal human rights have to be the government’s top priority. 3. Form a question: Do equal human rights have to be the government’s top priority? |
| 8 | 未来時制、未来進行形、未来完了形、現在完了進行形； “have to”の未来の用法；“should”の法助動詞 (提案、義務、確率、期待) ・ 8～12語のセンテンス ・ 中上級レベルの語彙 | A. We have been trying to get a reservation. 1. Use “the family”: The family has been trying to get a reservation. 2. Form a question: Has the family been trying to get a reservation? 3. Add “at the new pizza place”: Has the family been trying to get a reservation at the new pizza place? B. Unhealthy people should stay inside. 1. Use “home”: Unhealthy people should stay home. 2. Add “and avoid others”: Unhealthy people should stay home and avoid others. 3. Add “during the pandemic”: Unhealthy people should stay home and avoid others during the pandemic. |
| 9 | 全ての動詞時制； 法助動詞 (全て)；仮定法現在と仮定法過去；“going to”の過去の用法 ・ より長くて複雑な文章 ・ 疑問詞を伴う不規則疑問形 (why, when, where, how など) ・ 上級レベルの語彙 | A. The new printer will help if it works properly. 1. Form a yes/no question: Will the new printer help if it works properly? 2. Use “plotter”: Will the new plotter help if it works properly? 3. Add “colour”: Will the new colour plotter help if it works properly? B. He told the media that he was selling the company. 1. Use “buying”: He told the media that he was buying the company. 2. Add “tech”: He told the media that he was buying the tech company. 3. Form a question with “when”: When did he tell the media that he was buying the tech company? |
| 10 | 全ての動詞時制； 法助動詞、仮定法現在と仮定法過去、不規則疑問形；慣用句、従属節 ・ 非常に長い文章 ・ 上級レベルとTOEIC/TOEFL頻出語彙 | A. She’d paid an arm and a leg for that meal. 1. Form a yes/no question: Had she paid an arm and a leg for that meal? 2. Add gourmet: Had she paid an arm and a leg for that gourmet meal? 3. Change to negative: Hadn’t she paid an arm and a leg for that gourmet meal? B. Even though the arrivals terminal has been renovated, it is still congested. 1. Add “at Haneda”: Even though the arrivals terminal at Haneda has been renovated, it is still congested. 2. Use “departures”: Even though the departures terminal at Haneda has been renovated, it is still congested. 3. Form a yes/no question: Is the departures terminal at Haneda still congested, even though it’s been renovated? |